Blepharoplasty: Eyelid Surgery for Facial Rejuvenation

Blepharoplasty has become one of the most sought-after aesthetic procedures in modern medicine. It not only enhances appearance but can also resolve functional issues related to drooping eyelids. The operation requires careful preparation, consultation with a qualified surgeon, and understanding of all stages of the process — from anatomical considerations to potential complications.

Anatomy of the Periocular Zone and Surgical Indications

The periocular zone includes the skin, muscles, fatty tissue, and connective structures surrounding the eyes. With age, this area undergoes changes: skin loses elasticity, fatty tissue may descend or accumulate, leading to the formation of bags under the eyes and sagging of the upper eyelids. Ptosis — drooping of the upper eyelid — can be an age-related phenomenon or result from congenital features or injuries. In some cases, ptosis can restrict the visual field, making blepharoplasty not only an aesthetic but also a medically necessary procedure. Consultation with an ophthalmologist and plastic surgeon helps determine the extent of the problem and select the optimal correction method.

Consultation and Preparation for Blepharoplasty

Before surgery, patients undergo a detailed consultation during which the surgeon assesses the condition of the eyelids, discusses expectations, and possible outcomes. It is important to inform the doctor about all chronic conditions, allergies, and medications being taken. The doctor may order additional examinations, including blood tests and an ophthalmological examination. Preparation for surgery also includes abstaining from smoking, alcohol, and blood-thinning medications for several weeks before the procedure. This reduces the risk of bleeding and accelerates the recovery process. The surgeon also discusses the type of anesthesia that will be used during the operation.

Anesthesia and Incision Technique

Blepharoplasty can be performed under local anesthesia with sedation or under general anesthesia, depending on the extent of the intervention and patient preferences. Local anesthesia allows the patient to remain conscious but feel no pain, while general anesthesia ensures complete loss of consciousness. The incision on the upper eyelid is typically made along the natural crease, making the scar virtually invisible after healing. For the lower eyelid, the incision may be made directly below the lash line or from the inside of the eyelid (transconjunctival approach), which avoids visible scarring. Through the incision, the surgeon removes or redistributes fatty tissue, tightens muscles, and removes excess skin.

Sutures Application and Initial Recovery Period

After completing the main manipulations, the surgeon applies sutures using fine threads, which may be absorbable or require removal after several days. The quality of sutures significantly affects the final aesthetic result and degree of scarring. Immediately after surgery, patients may experience swelling, bruising, and mild discomfort in the eye area. Cold compresses help reduce swelling, and prescribed pain medications alleviate discomfort. It is important to avoid physical exertion, bending the head down, and lifting heavy objects during the first weeks after surgery. Sleeping with the head elevated also promotes faster reduction of swelling.

Recovery Process and Minimizing Scarring

Complete recovery after blepharoplasty can take from several weeks to several months. During the first days, swelling and bruising are most pronounced but gradually diminish. Sutures are usually removed after 5-7 days if they are not absorbable. Scarring is a natural part of the healing process, but proper skin care and adherence to surgeon recommendations help minimize scar visibility. Using sunscreen with high SPF protects the delicate eyelid skin from pigmentation. Avoiding eye rubbing, using gentle cleansing products, and regular follow-up visits to the doctor ensure optimal results. Most patients can return to daily activities within 10-14 days.

Possible Complications and Their Prevention

Like any surgical procedure, blepharoplasty carries certain risks. Possible complications include infections, bleeding, eyelid asymmetry, dry eyes, temporary vision disturbances, and unsatisfactory aesthetic results. In rare cases, ectropion — eversion of the lower eyelid — may occur, requiring additional correction. Choosing an experienced certified surgeon significantly reduces the likelihood of complications. It is important to strictly follow all postoperative instructions, promptly inform the doctor of unusual symptoms, and not miss follow-up examinations. Realistic expectations and open communication with the surgeon during consultation help avoid disappointments and ensure satisfaction with the result.

Long-term Results and Facial Rejuvenation

Blepharoplasty provides long-lasting results that can be maintained for many years. The operation effectively eliminates signs of aging in the periocular zone, giving the face a more rested and youthful appearance. Although the procedure does not stop the natural aging process, it significantly delays the need for repeat intervention. Combining blepharoplasty with other rejuvenation procedures, such as facelift or botulinum toxin injections, can enhance the overall effect. A healthy lifestyle, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and skin protection from the sun help maintain surgical results and preserve skin youth for years to come.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.